Information Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information Engineering - Essay Example cus, it was soon found out by the White brothers that they had a winning business formula and were able to expand their business through acquiring new premises at different locations in the United Kingdom. By the end of 2008, White & White Theatre Group became an established cinema group with five cinemas in London, two in Brighton, and one in Portsmouth. At present, White & White Theatre Group is one of the leading cinema groups in the United Kingdom. The time when the White brothers launched their first cinema at Great Portland Street, they did not feel any need of using information technology in their newly established business. As a result, all the management and operational tasks were carried out using manual systems. As the White brothers expanded their business by increasing the number of cinemas, they knew there was a need to improve reporting but considering the high profits in the eighties, they did not show enough enthusiasm to really address improvements. Each cinema was run as a separate small business, with the cinema site manager being responsible for all operations on their site. Tickets for each show were sold using ticket books. As a result of significant advancements in information technology and an increase in use of personal computers in the 1990’s, it became unavoidable for the White brothers to run their business using information technology. Electronic Cash Registers were launched in all cinemas in the nineties, and in the late nineties, personal computers were introduced for word processing and spreadsheets. The company also gained capability of internet presence but only for advertising purposes rather than tickets sales which were done through telephone or in person. With the rapid growth of competition from other cinema chains, especially from multiplex cinemas showing the similar types of films found in White & White Theater Group programmes, nowadays the profits are falling day by day. At present, the top management is deeply

Esterification of 4-methyl-2-pentanol and Acetic Acid

Esterification of 4-methyl-2-pentanol and Acetic Acid Joseph Nuernberg Esterification of 4-methyl-2-pentanol and Acetic Acid by Reflux and Distillation and Characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy Abstract: The objective of this lab was to successfully synthesize an ester from an alcohol and acetic acid. This experiment used 4-methyl-2-pentanol with excess acetic acid to produce (1,3-dimethylbutyl) acetate as seen in Figure 1. The mixture of acetic acid with 4-methyl-2-pentanol and sulfuric acid was refluxed, extracted, distilled and identified using IR spectroscopy. The ester had a fruity smell when obtained. The mass of the final product was 0.582g which gave a 34.6% yield. The results obtained indicated that the final product attained was the ester (1,3-dimethylbutyl) acetate due to the similar bond groups of C=O and sp3 C-H. The reason why the percent yield was low was because the nature of the reaction itself formed ether and ester and some product was lost through extraction. For future experiments, the process must be done a lot quicker in order to ensure the least amount of product evaporates. Introduction: Often in chemical labs, esters are artificially synthesized in order to produce an imitation of a flavor. An ester can be synthesized by the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid. In this experiment, (1, 3,-dimethylbutyl) acetate was formed through excess acetic acid and 4-methyl-2-pentanol as seen in Figure 1. The limiting reagent in this reaction is 4-methyl-2-pentanol so the theoretical yield of the ester product is dependent on 4-methyl-2-pentanol. Figure 1: Reaction of 4-methyl-2-pentanol with excess acetic acid For this reaction, the reflux will be utilized. Heat is applied with a boiling chip, to allow the reaction to occur. The vapor rises and escapes from the round bottom flask and is then cooled by the water condenser. The vapor turns back into a liquid and drips back into the bottom flask. In order to remove certain compounds, the synthesis involved extraction to isolate compounds. The denser layer or the aqueous layer will be at the bottom and can be removed with a pipette. The product of ether and ester was distilled to isolate the ester because esters have lower boiling points than the ether. In distillation, the substance with the lower boiling point evaporates and reaches the water condenser. The cool temperature allows the vapor to change states from gas to liquid which forces the liquid to drip back down the into the Hickman head due to gravity. In this reaction, the (1, 3,-dimethylbutyl) acetate was isolated from an unknown ether by distilling into the Hickman head. An IR spect rum of the final product is conducted to determine the desired product by comparing the bond groups of the given values. If the IR peaks and bonds are the same as the given, then the purified product would be the ester. A percent yield will be calculated to assess the amount of ester produced. Procedure: First, obtain an empty round bottom flask and find the mass. Add about 1.5mL of 4-methyl-2-pentanol in the flask and reweigh. With the 3mL of glacial acetic acid added, add sulfuric acid with a boiling chip. Conduct reflux with the apparatus conducted in previous labs with a water condenser attached to cool the reaction. Heat the apparatus for 60 to 70 minutes. Cool the reaction mixture and while stirring, add 2-3 mL of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate until carbon dioxide formation ceases. Transfer mixture and shake hard. Remove the aqueous layer and repeat the separation technique two more times. Remove as much water from the organic layer by adding small amounts of sodium sulfate and let the reaction stand for 10-15 minutes. After a week, transfer the reaction with the ether and ester into a vial and conduct distillation. Conduct distillation for 15 minutes at around 180 to 200 oC. Obtain and mass the final product. Conduct IR of starting reactants and products. Clean up stations and calculate the percent yield. Results and calculations: Table 1: Table of masses during experiment Theoretical yield for (1,3-dimethylbutyl) acetate = 1.68g of Percent yield: x 100% x 100%= 34.6% IR: Figure 2: IR before distillation Figure 3: IR after distillation Table 2: Values of IR for ester (1,3-dimethylbutly) acetate after distillation Discussion and Conclusion: For this experiment, the ester (1, 3-dimethylbutyl) acetate was synthesized from acetic acid and 4-methyl-2-pentanol. However, this is not a one reaction pathway because of the tetrahedral intermediate prevalent in esterification. The addition of the acetic acid leads to a more reactive electrophile. This causes a tetrahedral intermediate in which there are two equivalent hydroxyl groups. Then one of the hydroxyl groups is eliminated, a process known as tautomerism. This then gives water and ester as the final products. The reaction was successful produced from reflux but problems arose during the second component of this experiment, distillation. The ester also had a very distinct fruity smell. This reaction is refluxed because heat acts as a catalyst for the reaction. In the reaction pathway, the temperature is increased, allowing more geometrical collisions with the products and requires lower activation energy. This can be seen as an example of the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve. This was done uniformly by using the aluminum block at around 110 oC. After reflux occurred, a distillation apparatus was used in order to purify the ester from the ether. The boiling chip was added in reflux and distillation in order to ensure that the reaction did not overheat and burn the reaction. Boiling chips are often made from carborundum (carbon and silicon) which are chemically inert and allows sharp edges for bubbles to form which will not overheat the system. The substances in the reaction are allowed to boil more calmly rather than rapid boiling causing splatter and ruining the experiment. The water condenser was used for both in order to cool down the reaction in order to prevent burning of the reaction and ensuring that the product in the vapor state turned back into liquid state. The reason why anhydrous sodium bicarbonate was added was to ensure that any leftover water was absorbed and the remaining layer contained only the organic compounds. This was done a total of three times to ensure that minimal water was left, but some of the product leaked when shaken. The purpose of distillation is to separate compounds based on their boiling points. The reaction mixture that contained ester and ether was to be distilled in order to obtain the ester in the Hickman head. However, after letting the reaction stand for a week, most of the ether evaporated and the mixture was mostly ester. This explains why during distillation, the mixture in the conical vial disappeared as most or all went into the Hickman head. This can be seen in Figures 2 and 3. The IR of before and after distillation have similar values, peaks, and the exact functional groups which indicates that the mixture contained only the ester. The IR spectroscopy of after distillation shows that there is a C=O bond around 1735.27 cm-1, and a sp3 C-H bond around 2959.19 cm-1 which indicates that the compound shown is indeed an ester and that the objective was met since ester do have C=O bonds around 1750 cm-1 and sp3 C-H bonds around 2900 cm-1 . Ideally, the distillation process should be us eful in isolating the pure product, by allowing the ester molecules to be in a gaseous phase. Equilibrium will be established and allows the molecules to form back into a liquid phase in the Hickman head, but in this experiment distillation was not necessary. This just caused more chances of losing the ester by not fully attaining all the liquid from the Hickman head or by evaporating. The results yielded a 34.6% yield which suggested that there were errors within the reaction. One major reason as to why the yield was low was because of the nature of the reaction itself. The ether and ester in the conical vial was left to stand for a week. Because the ether had a lower boiling point than ester, most or all of the ether evaporated due to high volatility at room temperature. In addition, the ester also has a high volatility but lower than the ether because of the structure and the strength of the intermolecular forces. The ester has two oxygen atoms whereas the ether has one oxygen resulting in lower van der Waal forces. The ether was created as a byproduct which affected the maximum amount of yield of ester produced. Therefore, not all the reaction occurred to form an ester because during that time there were compounds that hindered the maximum amount of yield formed by forming a pathway for the ether. This was from the sulfuric acid reaction mechanism to produce an ether. The sulfuric acid dissociates into a proton and a bisulfate ion which forms with the OH group of the alcohol. The alcohol’s oxygen is protonated which forms an oxonium ion. The ion decomposes to carbocation and water and the carbocation reacts with another alcohol group to form another oxonium ion. The ion loses a proton to stabilize and forms an ether. If a stronger alcohol, perhaps 1-hexanol was used, a higher yield would be attained because the stronger intermolecular forces allows the reaction to have lower volatility and the ester and ether formed would also evaporate less. Because there are weaker van der Waal forces in the (1, 3-dimethylbutyl) acetate because of the lower carbon chains, more of the product was evaporated and lost. In order to ensure that a higher yield is attained, the reflux and distillation process must be done back to back or a lot quicker before the ester and ether evaporates at room temperature. Also an alcohol with a longer carbon chain s hould be used as stronger intermolecular forces allow more ester to form. While transporting the organic layers and further extraction, some of the product was lost. Even though this source of error is minimal, there were some product lost along the way by transporting through vials which affected the yield of the final product. Reflux is an effective technique that allowed Fischer esterification to occur. Distillation is a very useful technique, but should not be relevant when one of the substances evaporates due to high volatility. For future experiments, the reaction must be done much quicker in order to ensure that the least amount of ether and ester evaporates and is lost throughout the process and more precise instruments can be used to extract the organic layer. IR should still be used to discern the identity of the product. Because of the nature of the reaction itself, a yield close to the theoretical is very difficult to attain, a realistic approach would be around 60% yield. Work Cited: MSDS of (1,3-dimethyl butyl) acetate. http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB8373308.htm (accessed November 7, 2014). MSDS of 4-methyl-2-pentanol. http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926088 (accessed November 7, 2014). Padias, Anne.Making the Connections. Hayden McNeil, 2011.

Araby(loss Of Innocence) Essay -- essays research papers

Loss Of Innocence In James Joyce’s Araby the boys loss of innocence may be confusing and even painful but at the same time it is important . It begins his journey into adulthood . The boy in Araby is experiencing something all young men experience , the first crush . It is a time in his life where he is having new feelings, and trying to express those feelings to the object of his affection is next to impossible . Even the simple act of watching Mangan’s sister brings up emotions in the boy . To say the least the boy is overcome when Mangan’s sister actually speaks to him . He is in fact so overcome that he doesn’t even know how heanswered the girl . To think a girl he has secretly watched every day and shyly followed from a distance while he walked to school is actually showing him some attention .Unfortunately for the boy the attention is mistaken for something more than it is. As the boy waits for the day he can go to the bazaar , he thinks of nothing exceptMangan’s sister. The boy sees her when he is going to sleep , when he wakes , and in school in his papers. The boy wants nothing more than to see Mangan’s sister again , but ,in his mind for him to do that he needs to get her something from Araby. The boy is so charged from his encounter that he says he wishes to annihilate the days separating him from going to Araby and ultimately Mangan’s sister . Finally when the day has arrived that he can go to Araby he has to wait for Uncle to get home . To the boys dismay his ...

Corporate University Model Essay

From my readings and research I have learned about the corporate university model. I will be evaluating why many organizations today are emphasizing training as an employee development tool and focus on why utilizing the internal university structure has become very popular. I think that the corporate university model is a very effective model. It is an educational entity that is a strategic tool designed to assist its parent organization in achieving its goals by conducting activities that foster individual and organizational learning and knowledge. It is set up to bring common culture, loyalty, and belonging to the company. Our text states that â€Å"a corporate university model is a training model in which the client group includes not only company employees and managers but also stakeholders outside the company (Roe, pg. 551, 2010).† â€Å"It response to the rapid changes in information and technology that characterizes our society. A companion to the concept of life-long learning, the corporate university enables businesses, both for profit and not for profit, to maintain and expand the expertise of their workforces and, as a result, to secure their positions in the marketplace. The corporate university adds value to the business and, in some cases generates revenue (Gould, 2005).† â€Å"The top five organizational goals of corporate universities were to improve customer’s service and retention, improve productivity, reduce costs, retain talented employees, and increase revenue (Roe, pg. 84, 2010).† If revenue is generated, the chief learning officer develops and implements the appropriate business and marketing plans (Gould, 2005).† Training functions organized by the university model tend to offer a wider range of programs and courses (Roe, pg. 84, 2010). Culture and values tend to be emphasized more often in the training curriculum of corporate universities. It centralizes training to make sure that â€Å"best training practices† that may be used in one unit of the company are disseminated across the company (Roe, pg. 84, 2010). It also enables the company to control costs by developing consistent training practices and policies (Roe, pg. 83, 2010). â€Å"Companies  have found that investment in human capital in the form of training and development yields high returns. The ones that recognize the value of their employees and place a new emphasis on education and training are becoming more competitive, successful, and profitable as a result (Dutkowsky, 2014).† â€Å"Transferring knowledge leads to synergistic cost advantages, better implementation of organizational strategies, and competitive advantage. Organizations are implementing corporate universities to aid in knowledge transfer. This allows organizations to customize them to meet their training needs (Clinton, Merritt, & Murray, 2009). Knowledge is the primary ingredient in gaining a competitive advantage and knowledge is a firm’s main inimitable resource. Knowledge has to be effectively transferred within organizations in order to maximize the competitive advantage arising from knowledge (Clinton, Merritt, & Murray, 2009). Corporate universities are also vital to employees as well. In this day and age, responsibility and authority are pushed downward and all employees are expected to make decisions and to contribute to competitive advantage. This requires workers who can think and do for themselves (Clinton, Merritt, & Murray, 2009). Advanced education and continuous learning is crucial. â€Å"The key goal for an organization is to provide its workers with the ability to retool their skills and knowledge continually. Corporate universities allow employers to provide employees the opportunity to increase their knowledge, and in return, employees will take education from the corporate university and give bac k to the organization through innovation, efficiency, and productivity (Clinton, Merritt, & Murray, 2009).† Overall, corporate universities are built on a system that understands the chief concern for knowledge workers in nearly every industry and occupation is the shelf life of their knowledge, causing them to have a constantly retool their schools. Employees benefit from the corporate university movement in more ways than simply being able to perform their assigned jobs better. They also learn skills and possibly earn degrees that can be carried through their career, making they, themselves, more marketable to the workplace. Corporate universities are the â€Å"fast growing segment of the adult education market. Corporate universities strive to achieve their mission of developing programs that are clearly linked to business objectives and organizational strategy. These programs are designed to convey corporate culture and focus  on learning beyond on-the-job training. By doing so, many employees throughout the United States and abroad are offered educational opportunities that might not otherwise be available to them. In conclusion, the corporate university model is a very effective model. Organizations constantly need to adapt themselves to stay aligned with an ever-changing and increasingly complex environment. Corporate Universities puts â€Å"smart learning† at the forefront, with strategies to secure alignment between organization and environment, which need both speed of learning and learning in the right direction. Across the globe, corporate universities have emerged as vehicles of such strategy-driven learning. References Clinton, M., S., Merritt, K., L., & Murray, R., S. (2009). Using corporate universities to facilitate knowledge transfer and achieve competitive advantage: An exploratory model based on media richness and type of knowledge to be transferred. Retrieved from: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/detail?vid=2&sid=4fbbc155-1ebe-4a53-b4b7-309ae9d4306c%40sessionmgr112&hid=115&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=psyh&AN=2009-19970-003 Dutkowsky, S. (2014). Trends in Training and Development – THE NEW ECONOMY, TRAINING IN U.S. COMPANIES, WHO DOES THE TRAINING IN CORPORATIONS? Retrieved from: StateUniversity.com http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/852/Trends-in-Training-Development.html#ixzz34jTinPJA Gould, E., K. (2005). The Corporate University. A Model for Sustaining an Expert Workforce in the Human Services. Retrieved from: http://bmo.sagepub.com.proxy library.ashford.edu/content/29/3/508.full.pdf+html Noe, R. (2010) Employee Training and Development (5th editi on). McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Ediment grain size and mineralogy distribution Essay

The study was done in the Mpenjati estuary. It was found more briefly if sediment grain size and mineralogy distribution change across a beach profile changes and how it change. 4 zoneS of a beach profile were sampled. Quartz is the most stable sediment composition in the surface of the earth, compared to heavy minerals and feldspar (Marshak, 2008). INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to find out how does the sediment grain size and mineralogy distribution change across a beach profile. Mineral is a homogenous, naturally occurring solid inorganic substance with a definable chemical composition (Marshak, 2005). The impacts of the depositional environment, transport and climate on the morphology of minerals oceans are the focus of discussion during the present study of grain morphology (Shaffer,2006). It goes without saying that morphology and texture as well as the intergrowths among ocean minerals are also of utmost importance for the and industrial use of placer minerals (Pipkin, 2007) and by this oceans profiles must not be protected from pollution and disasters. The Mpenjati Estuary has been subjected to extensive sand and stone mining for approximately 40 years and the mining operations affected sediment patterns (matthias et al,2012). Although geologists tend to classify estuaries according to their geomorphology, physiography, sedimentation or tidal patterns but an estuary is an enclosed coastal body of water which is periodically or permanently open to the sea (Whitfield, 2010). The study was done by the University Of KwaZulu-Natal students of BIOL 231 (Marine environments) together with their demonstrators and Lecturer. The study was done in the Mpenjati estuary on the third of August 2013 which is the winter season while the estuary was closed at the mouth. The Mpenjati estuary is an open/ closed estuary located at 30 Í ¦ 58’15† and approximately 165km southwest of Durban Kwazulu-Natal south coast FIGURE 1: Locality map showing Mpenjati estuary (Whitfied, 2003) FIGURE 2: beach profile showing different zones (Schwarts, 2008) MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling was done when mouth of the estuary was closed. Four different zones of the beach profile were sampled which is Swash zone 1 which was closer to the sea followed by swash zone 2, and back beach 1 which is closer to the estuary followed by back beach 2. In each zone 2 clear plastic bags were filled with half way with sand using our own hands and were sealed with sell tape for later processing at the Lab. The plastic bags which had sand were named according to their zones collected from. The collected sediments were then taken to the soil laboratory at the Geological science Department (UKZN) for drying for 3 days. In the laboratory the sieve trays ware weighed using balanced scales after weighing. Sand which came out from drying was crushed and grinded and stirred on to the bowls using a thick pin as if cooking. Sieve trays were stacked together and then placed in a sieve machine where the dry grinded sand was stirred more on the machine for 2 minutes. After the 2 minutes the sand or sediments were poured on to the sieve trays which have different sizes of open holes measured in  µM, the top sieve tray had the biggest porosity and the bottom one had the smallest and was consisting of finest sand. When sieving was done the sieve trays were weighed again in order to obtain the mass of the sediment grains collected on the estuary. From the masses of the dishes the value of Phi (Ø) was calculated:Phi (Ø) = -log2 (d) d = Mass of a sieve /1000 The calculated phi was then used as a dependent variable in plotting graphs for distribution and the cumulative frequency that are displayed in the results. Phi ranged from -1 – 3.47 then the base.This was done for each zone I the four zones which were sampled. A small portion of sediments was collected In each zone of sampling was then placed into a petri dish and was examined by a light microscope for analyzing different types of minerals which were in each set of sediment zone by looking at their grain size, texture, and the mineral composition of the sand. This was done for each zone. The field observations are also confirmed by the graphs that in figure 4 the mass content, sediment mean size goes from high to low from swash zone 1 to back beach 1 showing that as one goes closer to the sea the sediment grain size of the sand and mass increases. Table 1 tells us that the back beach has more quarts e.g The back beach has the highest quarts. DISCUSSION It has been found out from figure 2 that the beach profile is divided into different zones, 4 zones were sampled at the mpenjati estuary namely swash zone 1, swash zone 2, back beach 1 and back beach 2. It was also found in figure 3, figure 4 and table 1 that the 4 zones have different mineralogical distributions and grain size. It was found that the soil colour and texture of the sand changed from zone to zone. The sand was damp with and had shells, little fragments, oysters afflicted by waves and washed to the sand by wave deposit. The ripples indicated wind direction and the wavelength of ripple was 6.5 cm. The deeper side of the ripples is gentle and shorter on the side of the ripples; this is due to north east blow of the wind (Marshak, 2005)) The swash zone is a zone of constant deposition from the beach characterised by moderately to poorly sorted sediments as sediments of first deposition are sub angular with a grain shape of low sphericity compared to other zones in the beac h (table 1). The long shore drift which passes across the beach water body creating wave action energy is insufficient to carry these types of sediments (Shaffer, 2006). The reason why small sediments in size are mostly found at the back beach (figure 3 and 4) is because the wave action slows down its energy in the swash zone so only small sediments in size can be carried towards the back beach leading to well sorted sediments with mature texture as high transportation of  sediments leads to re-deposition and re-transportation (Pipkin, 2007)). Closer to the sea were larger stones and burrows (figure 4) swash zone 1 had the highest mass content followed by swash zone 2 and the reason for this is because closer to the sea there is more wind action (Shaffer, 2006). Crabs adapted to the environment with burrows. Quartz is the most stable sediment composition in the surface of the earth, compared to heavy minerals and feldspar (Marshak, 2008). Quartz and feldspar are dominant in all beach zones (Table 1) this is because they are primary rock minerals, they are found in parent rock e.g. granite which contains these two minerals (Schwarts, 2005). Since so il is the deposited by the chemical weathering of rocks, the minerals also are as a result that deposition. Feldspar makes about 60% of the earth’s crust (Marshak, 2005). Mineral sands contain suites of minerals with high specific gravity known as ‘heavy minerals’. They were found mostly on the back beach 2 (Table 1) and the swash zone 2 because the wind current was not strong enough to transport them away. Those that are found on the back beach 2 are probably deposited by the river inflow and that on swash zone 2 is deposited by the ocean current and cannot be transported further because they are resistant to wave action (Pipkin, 2001). The swash zone was found to have more shells (Table 1) and some broken up and there were smooth, dishaped stones (cables) because of wave action on tide and also pedals. Lithic fragments were found mostly the back beach (Table 1) and only one on swash zone 1 because they are light and easily transported by wave and wind action. In conclusion as the profile is divided into zones it was found that mineralogical distribution and grain size change across the zones of a beach profile. As one go closer to the sea the gran size becomes larger and there was found to be more mineralogical diversity to zones closer to th e sea compare to zones closer to the estuary. Heavy minerals were found in zones closer to the sea and light minerals were found to zones far from the sea, this is all due to processes like wind and wave action. REFERENCES Marshak S.S., (2005). Earth: Portrait of the planet 2nd eds. W.W. Norton & Company, Incl., New York, London Marshak S.S, (2008). Earth: Portrait of the planet 3rd eds. W.W. Norton & Company, Incl., New York, London Matthias (2012) et al, KOTLIK School, AK 9960. P.O BOX 20129, 8 JUNE 2012, The Nushagak Estuary: Its Salmon resource, Potential Threat and proposed management plan. Pipkin B.W., et.al, 2001. Labaratory exercise in Oceanography, 3rd edition. USA Ron Uken 2011, UKZN WESTVILLE CAMPUS BIOL 231 PRACTICAL MANUAL (GEOLOGICAL COMPONENT) Schwartz M.L., 2005. Encyclopedia of coastal Sciences. Published by springer 16 June 2005 Shaffer,R., (2006). The Time of Sands: Quartz-rich Sand Deposits as a renewable Resource. Electronic Green Journal, 1(24):1-35 Whitfield A.K, J.L.B Smith institute of Ichyology, Private Bag 1015 Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa published online: 08 November 2010, 18: 1-2, 89-103, DOL Whitfield A.K Maps and Locations of South African Estuaries Index, Generated by resource quality service 2003-08-08, 14:25:28, S.A INDEX for aquatic Biodiversity.

How Strong Is Your Faith Religion Essay Example

How Strong Is Your Faith Religion Essay Example How Strong Is Your Faith Religion Essay How Strong Is Your Faith Religion Essay and God replied: aˆÂ ¦ Because I m God . That s was all the reply he needed.God can easy take back everything that he created at any clip, which causes adult male to fear God. Peoples of the purest religion realize this and refund God with a life-time of court and servitude. This is normally the key behind all faiths were there s a God. For illustration, in the Hindu religion they have a God in which goes by the name of Shiva, believed to be the refinisher and destroyer of universes , which gives Shiva the character of being one of the most temperamental Gods of any religion. Shiva has the power to destruct the universe on a simple caprice. To turn out his power, Shiva one time cut his ain boy s caput and replaced it with an Elephant s caput. Once there was a narrative of a adult male whom desired power more than anything in the universe. He had to obtain sacred arms fromCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page3which were created by Shiva. Through deep speculation that went on boulder clay he clouded the celestial spheres that finally angered Shiva. Shiva so challenged the adult male to a conflict, in which he was easy conquered. Shiva was still impressed by the will and finding of this adult male, so Shiva ended supplying him with the arms that he desired so much. Shiva requires the type of religion that is strong plenty that adult male would even dispute God himself, which would do him the ideal Hindu.Religion is a portion of everyone s life ; throughout history, in art, in music, and particularly in literature. It s something that could even be traced back to adult male s earliest presence in this universe. Some people s religion extends further than others, but does this truly affair? When comparing the narratives of Job and Jonah, religion seems to no do a difference to God. Job being person who had strong, pure, and unfaltering religion, and on the other manus, Jonah had such faltering religion. Yet Job was punished when God tested his reli gion, and at the same clip Jonah merely fled from God, and yet he was forgiven. Faith seems non to truly count to God in the long tally. Between these narratives it seems that the good adult male ends up acquiring screwed in the terminal, while the bad cat seems to be rewarded. With that being said, Department of Energy s one adult male who truly worships God and pure terminal up weighing more in the eyes of God than an apathetic Hindu?Man holding the demand to believe that there is something out at that place that might superior to him with some type of account for our presence on this universe. God holding such an impossible popularity to mankind makes him necessary to mankind, decidedly holding lasted this long. We want to believe and happen something that proves there is something more than merely a nothingness when it s all over. Subconsciously, we even realize there really was no God, and no hereafter, there would be no effects, and the basic goodness within adult male would come to a mistake which would take away from us keeping the small order we have, and would advance pandemonium all around.Craig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page4The astonishing portion of our universe is that everyone has alone gifts, accomplishments, and abilities. One adult male may stop up every bit smart as Albert Einstein with a organic structure like the Hulk, and his brother would hold the head of the Rain-Man and the organic structure of Moby Dick. God seems to honor us in a assortment of ways. Some of us are blessed spiritually, some physically, some mentally, when some are all rounded. Wagess could be relative to faith. A adult male with wealth may be a strong truster, while a adult male with nil may be a blasphemer. But there might be no connexion between the sum of religion you have and how you re rewarded. This would do it much easier to believe, when some of the wealthiest people out there are normally iniquitous or have their custodies something that is. People s who believe might non be any better off than people who do nt believe. But there s a inquiry that still remains ; is faith really good or bad? In Moby Dick, inquiries of religion, wages, and ground, floats about subliminally in the lives and destinies of all the participants.The Dais: At my first glance of the dais, it had non escaped methat nevertheless convenient for a ship, these articulations inthe present case seemed unneeded. For I was non preparedto see Father Mapple after deriving the tallness, easy bendabout, and crouching over the dais, intentionally drag up theladder measure by measure, till the whole was deposited within,go forthing him inviolable in his small Quebec. Thingss like isolation, and disaffection could stop up being the consequence of strong religion. This causes you to be set apart from the crowd, doing you an castaway. Father Mapple being one of the truest trusters in this novelCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page5sets himself up at a distant, hi gher, and more protected topographic point. Mapple believes he is a direct courier from God. In this chapter The Pulpit is built unlike any other. Harmonizing to Mapple s specifications, it was highly tall with a long rope ladder taking to his platform ; this apparatus was really similar to get oning a vas. Once Mapple backdowns the ladder, he goes to an stray universe of his ain, taking him off from the metropolis where he s an highly popular giant adult male. He feels to hold such a necessity of traveling off to an stray island off from the existent universe so so he can pass on with God. Bing on a about empty, stray ship seems to be all that s left of his faith. This can be taken to intend that while Mapple is entirely on his vas and silence is environing him, he must mount up the simple ladder toward heaven in order to get away the land of the evildoers so he can pass on God s word. He so pulls up the ladder to forestall any distractions, visitants, or encroachers. Normally a ex istent vas would be set off to sea, which spiritually Mapple has to make. He so stands up high, looking down on the fold, he feels he is superior. He has a picture at the pes of the Pulpit of this ship contending off a colossal storm, and through the clouds is an Angel that is making light to steer the alone vas place. The vas in the picture is besides the same as the vas represented by the Pulpit and Mapple is at the Helm. Now at the top of the Pulpit is a dais where Mapple reads his Bible. His Bible in which guides his ship through the storms of evil. Now the resemblance of all this is that faith represents this alone vas, which must interrupt through these storms of immorality before the universe can be holy, and Mapple is the lone crewmember on this vas, who represents world.Religion is being a alone vas, and adult male stays entirely on this vas. The narrative from Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner farther expresses this purdah. The seaman, who was a adult male that was cursed to walk the Earth, stating his narrative to those that he felt were fit.Craig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page6Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner: I pass, like dark, from land to land ;I have unusual power of addressthe minute that his face I seeI know the adult male that must hear me ;to him my narrative I teach It was narrative of a mariner whose crew had encountered some grilling times during their ocean trip. They discovered redemption in a particular Albatross that helped steer their way with fleet air current to unclutter their transition. Once they were out in the clear, they witnessed that there blest animal was killed by the seaman. In an instant the state of affairs deteriorated and all two-hundred crew members all of a sudden dropped dead, with the seaman left all entirely in the freeze, stormy conditions. Once repented, the vas was guided by all the shades of his crew members to an old anchorite who sent him on a lone pursuit. The quest he was sent on was for him to pass the remainder of his life going the universe, while stating his narrative to all he felt fit. This could really good be Elijah s quandary in ( Moby-Dick ) , person who appears to be an old insane rotter that wo nt halt draging Ishmael and Queequeg. It all started when the Pequod s documents were signed and that minute Ishmael and Queequeg have in consequence signed their souls off. He moved on speaking of a prognostication refering Ahab s destiny. Ishmael saw him as a doddering sap, but Elijah has a intent, he is a prophesier. He brought about a sense of pessimism before the journey of all time started. He was much like the Ancient Mariner in that he was damned to infinity of prognostication and warning. This is a warning that concerns a error which will lie in front on their Hunt. To the seaman, the Albatross is hunted despite the fact that it was their redemption sent by God. Elijah might be warning the deaf Ishmael that Moby Dick is really the Albatross that was sent from God. In any instance, Elijah s destiny was sealedCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page7coercing him into a life of purdah. He decidedly is a true truster, a prophesier, and possibly even some embodiment of God. Once once more person s faith leads them to solitude.Elijah s life may merely be the stoping to Jonah s narrative. After Jonah repented he was forgiven and reborn as a prophesier. As a prophesier or even a direct retainer of God, his journey will stop up being a lone 1 ; he will hold to fend for himself much like Elijah was. Everyone seems to look upon Elijah with intuition and ridicule, but this comes with the district. Although Jonah s narrative neer truly ended, his destiny was still written in rock, and Elijah s life is that destiny. Faith destines him to populate a life of purdah.Merely like Elijah and Jonah, Ishmael is besides left to a destiny of distributing his narratives to those he felt tantrum. He is the seaman, in which his ocean trip killed the mil lstone and he ended up paying the full monetary value left entirely in an empty ocean with nil but a casket as a life buoy. In all likelihood, God did non let Ishmael to merely agitate it off and travel on. This calamity will stop up devouring him for the remainder of his life, and this rhythm will neer stop because there will ever be another Ishmael and his Pequods.Starbuck on the other manus, is one of the most faithful Christians on the Pequod. He is really the voice of ground out of the whole crew and ever maintains his religion while the bulk of the crew ends up ignoring it. Like so many others, his spiritual religion ends up taking him to solitude. Now in The Quarter-deck , Ahab really describes his experiences with Moby Dick and so announces the end of his mission, and the full crew becomes genuinely excited in which they all end up traveling along on his insane pursuit. Through all of this, Starbuck ended up being the lone crew member to recognize that Ahab had really chang ed and became obsessional after this incident.Craig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page8The Quarter-deck: Vengeance on a dense beast! cried Starbuck, thatmerely smote thee from blindest inherent aptitude! Lunacy!To be enraged with a dense thing, Captain Ahab,seems profane. Even from the beginning, Starbucks faith isolated him from the remainder, he could hold easy decided to follow the crew, but that would waver his religion. He realizes he is wholly different from the remainder of the crew. He refused to imbibe sinfully with the remainder, due to the crazed and absurd pursuit of Ahab. Ishmael described the whole crew as being abhorrent, but Starbuck is really the ideal adult male ; possibly even God s design. Now this is rather a difference. Yet the lone factor that separates Starbuck from the whole crew is his religion, but his beliefs end up insulating him from the crew. His religion is truly pure but finally in ends up wavering. He shortly realizes that Ahab s compulsion h as been turning with each passing twenty-four hours and finally it will kill them all. At point Ahab really threatens Starbuck s life with a musket over a difference of sentiments. Starbuck ends up obtaining the musket and is forced to do a determination between his religion and justness. Starbuck being a adult male of faith knew that no affair the result, it will ever stop up being God s will.A difference of religions caused Queequeg to be alienated from the crew. Queequeg was a prince who came from the island of Kokovoko. Over clip he developed an involvement with Christianity and subsequently ended up happening himself onboard an English whaling vas. Although he did try to be assimilated into Christian society, but he finally lost involvement and ended up returning back to his ain religion. The lone thing genuinely learned were merely the accomplishments of whaling. Felling like Christianity had really made him less than pure he decided non return to his Island to claim his thron e. Even though he was greatly respected by the crew, they isolated him for his uniqueCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page9religion and civilization. During Queequeg s Ramadan, he was in a deep speculation did nt travel for a full twenty-four hours while idolizing his God. Ishmael had neer seen anyone do anything like this before, so to acquire Queequeg s attending he tried his hardest to strike hard down the door.Ishmael- The Ramadan: I so went on, get downing with the rise and advancementof the crude faiths and coming down to theassorted faiths of the present clip, during which clipI labored to demo Queequeg that all these Lententides, Ramadans,and prolonged ham-squatting s in cold, cheerless suites wereblunt bunk ; bad for the wellness ; useless for the psyche ;opposed, in short, to the obvious Torahs of Hygiene andcommon sense. I told him, excessively, that he being in otherthings such as an highly reasonable and perspicacious barbarian,it pained me, really severely pain ed me, to see him now solamentably foolish about this pathetic Ramadan of his. Ishmael being the sap tries his hardest to cover it by mocking Queequeg s God. He inquiries what sort of barbarian faith would necessitate your trueness and subject. In comparing to other faiths Ishmael s negative reaction indicates the deficiency of regard Christianity has for their God. Now Queequeg is decidedly non the inferior one in this instance. It seems that Ishmael s religion may be so weak and insecure that he feels he must change over and reprobate every barbarian he sees. Even though he says that Christianity has progressed, it seems he may reallyCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page10good may be utilizing a different lexicon than the remainder of the universe. Unless progressed really means to be declined to such an extent that a faithful Christian and a prophesier are considered monsters and are shunned and isolated from the universe. Ishmael s supplications to Yojo showed that he himself believes that Quequeg s religion is inferior to his. Ishmael and Queequeg underwent a heathen ritual, smoking to the doll, in order to corroborate their matrimony.Ishmael -A Bosom Friend: I was a good Christian ; born and bred in the bosomof the infallible Presbyterian Church. How so couldI unite with this wild idolizer in idolizing his pieceof wood? But what is worship? , thought I. Make you saynow, Ishmael, that the greathearted God of Edenand earth- heathens and all included-can be perchance bejealous of an undistinguished spot of black wood? Impossible! Ishmael is in denial and does nt recognize it. He has problems demuring that the Christian s God and Queequeg s God are the same being but in different signifiers. His religion is non strong plenty to see the graven image as nil more than merely a piece of wood. This is precisely where the relationship starts to hold jobs. Ishmael feels church is infallible and lacks any solid cogent evidence. He feels this was due to it being forced and installed into him his whole life. On the other manus, Queequeg has spent ample sum of clip idolizing his God to where he genuinely believes. Ishmael being so closed-minded, he refuses to accept that Queequeg s religion as anythingCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page11more than inferior, hence doing him more stray from Ishmael than a normal from what Christian criterions of friendly relationship are. In other words, Queequeg s religion makes Ishmael see him more as a pet than a friend.Queequeg is much like the character that goes by the name of John the barbarian from Huxley s Brave New World . John was raised off from new civilisation, hence he the chance to hold his ain sentiments, thoughts, and ideals. Now on the other manus, everybody that lives in this new society were encephalon washed from when they were kids in order to suit into their assigned categories. Just like Ishmael and the Christians, they were raised believed that everything th at they thought they knew was infallible. They believed in their haoma, a drug, as a agency to get away from their world, while John knows that the haoma were merely merely a recreation. They believed that the Feelies, a signifier of amusement, was the lone signifier of art, while toilet knew that was incorrect for a fact. He was good cognizant of literature, poesy, and Shakespeare. John was really open-minded because he was nt like everyone else, a brainwashed conformist. So do you believe if Ishmael would hold become more unfastened if he was nt raised by the church?Queequeg was discriminated against by everyone, because of his religion when he foremost boarded the ship. There is one standard for working aboard the Pequod, it was that you were a Christian. It did nt count if you were a Killer, thieve, or even an overall trash. All types were welcome with unfastened weaponries every bit long as you were Christian. On the other manus, Queequeg must turn out himself to everyone befor e he can work with them. It took a really dramatic experience for Queequeg in order to turn out his worth to the crew. This all occurred when a foolish adult male who ridiculed Queequeg was knocked overboard due to a loose station that knocked him into the ocean. Queequeg instantly dove into the icy H2O without any vacillation at all in order to salvage this adult male, and he succeeded. Since his beliefs differed from the others, he was required prove himself to his shipmates even though it was nt necessary for others, Christians, to make so. Unfortunately Queequeg s religion separated him fromCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page12his shipmates. In a manner it seems Christianity truly screwed Queequeg over. He was wholly rejected by the others, even though his involvements in Christianity lead him to go forth his people. He was driven away from Christianity from all the corruptness that came with it. Since his pureness was tainted by Christianity, it made him unworthy to b e able to return place and claim his throne.So far the strong religion that was in the lives of these mentioned trusters has non yet been a positive factor in their lives. We have Job who endured a demeaning trial by the God he loved. Then there s Mapple who felt that in order to pass on with God he had to be isolated upon a dais. Then we have Elijah, the seaman, who preach the word of God to everyone he saw even though they deemed him a baloney. Now we ca nt bury about Queequeg who was discriminated against by everyone, even his ain folk, merely because he was involved in two religions. These narratives make it seem like there is no advantage to holding any religion at all. In fact, in the long tally no affair whom they were and how strong their religion was, the full crew ended up holding the same destiny: a watery decease. All except for Ishmael, who was purportedly left to populate his life as prophesier distributing the word of God? The lone affect faith seemed to really hold o n these lives, was nil more than hurting and isolation. No 1 was rewarded nor did they receive any advantages merely for loving God. In which seemed to hold the opposite consequence for the non-believers, they had a clear advantage to non holding any faith at all.A life spent without faith is a life spent with leisure. The 2nd mate of the Pequod was Stubb, and he was the complete antonym of Starbuck. Starbuck started this ocean trip to gain a life, in which Stubb merely joined for the bang of the Hunt. Through this full ocean trip, Stubb truly enjoyed himself. His yearss are now disquieted free. His supper is one illustration of his impudence and unworried attitude. He and the black cook,Craig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page13Fleece, have a conversation that leads to inquiries about decease. Stubb asks Fleece where he plans on traveling after his decease, and Fleece merely subtly points up. Which was rather amusing since Stubb did nt understand this so he told Fleece that we decidedly do nt necessitate a cadaver merely hanging from their flag.Stubb -Stubb s Supper: You said up at that place, did nt you? And now lookat yourself, and see where your tongs areindicating. But, possibly you expect to acquire intoEden creeping through the lout s hole,cook ; but, no, no, cook, you do nt acquireat that place, except you go the regular manner, unit of ammunitionby the tackle. It s a delicate concern, but mustbe done, or else it s no spell. None of usare in heaven yet. He might hold some belief in Eden, but it s decidedly in a really distant corner of his head. He lives his life without concern of Eden at least until the last possible minute. He thinks religion is nil but useless, he s a non-believer. He asks Fleece how he intends to acquire into heaven since it seems the attempt is more problem than it is really deserving. On the other manus, the regular manner in Stubb s head involves a Starbuck-type trueness, which he does nt desire to give. When he says no ne of us are in heaven yet he is fundamentally stating: why bother? There is no cogent evidence and no unrecorded individual can be certain that heaven even exists until they die. Therefore, his life is full of enjoyment holding no faith, and yet he portions the same destiny of God s design. Starbuck does nt see orCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page14fear decease at all, and this is how he lives without any concerns, superstitious notions. One illustration Ishmael spring for Stubb s deficiency of faith and religion, is his pipe. It was described as a portion of his face, he thought of it to be some sort of bactericidal that would protect him from God s wrath. Ishmael does nt desire to believe that there will be no effects for your determinations in life. Yet some holding no spiritual strong belief at all easy lives his life freely, unlike most other Christians. I feel we all have the chance to do our ain Blue Prints of life regardless of our beliefs and or religion. The lone things that all worlds have in common is enduring, which brings us together, but yet we all are destined to the destiny of decease some merely sooner than others.These two massive figures from literary history lived two really similar lives despite their differences in religion and manners of get bying. Both were beset by great calamity, and endured in their ain was. Possibly there is something to be said of the captain s death when compared to Job s doggedness, but a religion in something greater is what bound them together.

Free Essays on María Concepción

The protagonist in Katherine Anne Porter’s story â€Å"Marà ­a Concepcià ³n† is Marà ­a Concepcià ³n, herself. She is a young woman, around eighteen years of age, who is married to a man named, Juan Villegas. She finds herself in a situation, in which, she doesn’t know how to handle. The story follows Marà ­a Concepcià ³n through each step of her emotional breakdown after finding her husband cheating on her with another woman and then losing her newly born baby. In the end, Porter shows how her friends loved her and came to her side and rescued her from the situation in which she placed herself. The reputation of Marà ­a Concepcià ³n is mentioned several times throughout the story, although not always directly. She is described as having a â€Å"good reputation with the neighbors as an energetic religious woman who could drive a bargain to the end.† (210). She seemed to be a proud young woman who kept her head high and did what was expected of her. She is described in the eyes of Juan’s chief, Givens, in saying â€Å"Her grand manner sometimes reminded him of royalty in exile.† (213). She didn’t seem to have many enemies before her breakdown. Afterward, she seemed to be a completely different person. She goes through several different stages throughout her breakdown. At first she was angry. She didn’t make her feelings obvious but everyone seemed to know about the affair. The neighbors went around saying that â€Å"Marà ­a Rosa was safer in the army than she would be in the same village with Marà ­a Concepcià ³n.† (214). Marà ­a Concepcià ³n then seemed to go numb, as if nothing had ever happened. â€Å"Marà ­a Concepcià ³n did not weep when Juan left her; and when the baby was born, and died within four days, she did not weep. ‘She is mere stone,’† (215). After this, she went back to being angry, but stayed to herself and kept herself busy. She â€Å"[†¦] lived alone. She was gaunt, as if something were gnawing her away inside, her e... Free Essays on Marà ­a Concepcià ³n Free Essays on Marà ­a Concepcià ³n The protagonist in Katherine Anne Porter’s story â€Å"Marà ­a Concepcià ³n† is Marà ­a Concepcià ³n, herself. She is a young woman, around eighteen years of age, who is married to a man named, Juan Villegas. She finds herself in a situation, in which, she doesn’t know how to handle. The story follows Marà ­a Concepcià ³n through each step of her emotional breakdown after finding her husband cheating on her with another woman and then losing her newly born baby. In the end, Porter shows how her friends loved her and came to her side and rescued her from the situation in which she placed herself. The reputation of Marà ­a Concepcià ³n is mentioned several times throughout the story, although not always directly. She is described as having a â€Å"good reputation with the neighbors as an energetic religious woman who could drive a bargain to the end.† (210). She seemed to be a proud young woman who kept her head high and did what was expected of her. She is described in the eyes of Juan’s chief, Givens, in saying â€Å"Her grand manner sometimes reminded him of royalty in exile.† (213). She didn’t seem to have many enemies before her breakdown. Afterward, she seemed to be a completely different person. She goes through several different stages throughout her breakdown. At first she was angry. She didn’t make her feelings obvious but everyone seemed to know about the affair. The neighbors went around saying that â€Å"Marà ­a Rosa was safer in the army than she would be in the same village with Marà ­a Concepcià ³n.† (214). Marà ­a Concepcià ³n then seemed to go numb, as if nothing had ever happened. â€Å"Marà ­a Concepcià ³n did not weep when Juan left her; and when the baby was born, and died within four days, she did not weep. ‘She is mere stone,’† (215). After this, she went back to being angry, but stayed to herself and kept herself busy. She â€Å"[†¦] lived alone. She was gaunt, as if something were gnawing her away inside, her e... Free Essays on Marà ­a Concepcià ³n The protagonist in Katherine Anne Porter’s story â€Å"Marà ­a Concepcià ³n† is Marà ­a Concepcià ³n, herself. She is a young woman, around eighteen years of age, who is married to a man named, Juan Villegas. She finds herself in a situation, in which, she doesn’t know how to handle. The story follows Marà ­a Concepcià ³n through each step of her emotional breakdown after finding her husband cheating on her with another woman and then losing her newly born baby. In the end, Porter shows how her friends loved her and came to her side and rescued her from the situation in which she placed herself. The reputation of Marà ­a Concepcià ³n is mentioned several times throughout the story, although not always directly. She is described as having a â€Å"good reputation with the neighbors as an energetic religious woman who could drive a bargain to the end.† (210). She seemed to be a proud young woman who kept her head high and did what was expected of her. She is described in the eyes of Juan’s chief, Givens, in saying â€Å"Her grand manner sometimes reminded him of royalty in exile.† (213). She didn’t seem to have many enemies before her breakdown. Afterward, she seemed to be a completely different person. She goes through several different stages throughout her breakdown. At first she was angry. She didn’t make her feelings obvious but everyone seemed to know about the affair. The neighbors went around saying that â€Å"Marà ­a Rosa was safer in the army than she would be in the same village with Marà ­a Concepcià ³n.† (214). Marà ­a Concepcià ³n then seemed to go numb, as if nothing had ever happened. â€Å"Marà ­a Concepcià ³n did not weep when Juan left her; and when the baby was born, and died within four days, she did not weep. ‘She is mere stone,’† (215). After this, she went back to being angry, but stayed to herself and kept herself busy. She â€Å"[†¦] lived alone. She was gaunt, as if something were gnawing her away inside, her e...